{"id":77,"date":"2026-08-31T14:51:03","date_gmt":"2026-08-31T19:51:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/keystonedoc.com\/?page_id=77"},"modified":"2026-08-31T17:05:48","modified_gmt":"2026-08-31T22:05:48","slug":"predicting-moral-injury-paramedics","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/keystonedoc.com\/?page_id=77","title":{"rendered":"Predicting Moral Injury with Moral Foundations and Length of Service Among Emergency Paramedics"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Author:<\/strong> James J. Sabo, PhD<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Institution:<\/strong> Capella University<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Year: <\/strong>2023<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Citation (APA 7th edition):<\/strong><br>Sabo, J. J. (2023).&nbsp;<em>Predicting Moral Injury With Moral Foundations and Length of Service Among Emergency Paramedics&nbsp;<\/em>(Order No. 30819309). Available from ProQuest Dissertations &amp; Theses Global. (2903234253). https:\/\/www.proquest.com\/dissertations-theses\/predicting-moral-injury-with-foundations-length\/docview\/2903234253\/se-2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Access the Full Dissertation<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/keystonedoc.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Sabo-2023-Predicting-Moral-Injury-MFT-Emergency-Paramedics-Copy.pdf\">Read Full Dissertation Online<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Abstract<\/strong><br>The purpose of the study was to investigate if aspects of morality and length of service would<br>predict moral injury in emergency paramedics. To address the gap in the literature, five domains<br>of morality (care\/harm, fairness\/cheating, loyalty\/betrayal, authority\/subversion,<br>sanctity\/degradation) and length of service (measured in years), and the combination of these<br>variables were examined to see whether they predicted moral injury. A quantitative<br>nonexperimental methodology was used. The responses from a purposive sample were collected<br>online through SurveyMonkey. The participants were paramedics working primarily in<br>emergency EMS ambulance systems for at least one year. A simultaneous multiple linear<br>regression was used to determine the predictor variables\u2019 unique predictive ability on the<br>outcome variable. A stepwise multiple linear regression was used to analyze which predictor<br>variable or combination of predictor variables predicted the most variance in moral injury. The<br>results indicated that MI was significantly predictable collectively F (6, 69) = 3.318, p = .006, R\u00b2<br>= .224, and the variables collectively accounted for 22.4% of the variance of MI (the effect size<br>was small). Two predictor variables, purity (t = 2.478, p = .016) and fairness (t = 2.111, p =<br>.038), were significantly unique contributors, with purity (r = .388) accounting for 33.8% of the<br>variance in MI and fairness (r = .337) accounting for 33.7% of the variance in MI, both which<br>are effect sizes of medium. The results of the stepwise multiple regression indicated that the best<br>combination of predictor variables was purity, fairness, and ingroup collectively F (3, 72) =<br>6.643, p = .001, R\u00b2 = .217, and the variables collectively accounted for 21.7% of the variance in<br>MI (the effect size was small). Also, a surprise finding was that 92% of the sample had clinical<br>moral injury scores. The results of this study suggest that the purity and fairness aspects of<br>morality contribute the most to moral injury in emergency paramedics with at least one year of<br>experience. Future research could examine replication of the results with emergency paramedics<br>since this study was unique, including more diverse geographical response areas of paramedic<br>populations and exploration of moral injury and the associated adverse outcomes in emergency<br>paramedics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Copyright Notice<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00a9 James J. Sabo, 2023. All rights reserved.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This dissertation was completed in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the doctoral degree at Capella University and was originally published through ProQuest Dissertations &amp; Theses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The author retains full copyright ownership. Permission is granted for free personal, educational, and non-commercial use. Any commercial use, redistribution, or modification requires prior written permission from the author.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Author: James J. Sabo, PhD Institution: Capella University Year: 2023 Citation (APA 7th edition):Sabo, J. J. (2023).&nbsp;Predicting Moral Injury With Moral Foundations and Length of Service Among Emergency Paramedics&nbsp;(Order No. 30819309). Available from ProQuest Dissertations &amp; Theses Global. (2903234253). https:\/\/www.proquest.com\/dissertations-theses\/predicting-moral-injury-with-foundations-length\/docview\/2903234253\/se-2 Access the Full Dissertation AbstractThe purpose of the study was to investigate if aspects of &#8230; <a title=\"Predicting Moral Injury with Moral Foundations and Length of Service Among Emergency Paramedics\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/keystonedoc.com\/?page_id=77\" aria-label=\"Read more about Predicting Moral Injury with Moral Foundations and Length of Service Among Emergency Paramedics\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":74,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-77","page","type-page","status-publish"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Predicting Moral Injury with Moral Foundations and Length of Service Among Emergency Paramedics - Keystone Doc History, Genealogy, and Psychology Research Predicting Moral Injury in Emergency Paramedics | James J. Sabo, PhD<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Doctoral dissertation examining how moral foundations and length of service predict moral injury in emergency paramedics. Full text available to read or download.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/keystonedoc.com\/?page_id=77\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Predicting Moral Injury with Moral Foundations and Length of Service Among Emergency Paramedics - Keystone Doc History, Genealogy, and Psychology Research Predicting Moral Injury in Emergency Paramedics | James J. Sabo, PhD\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Doctoral dissertation examining how moral foundations and length of service predict moral injury in emergency paramedics. Full text available to read or download.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/keystonedoc.com\/?page_id=77\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Keystone Doc History, Genealogy, and Psychology Research\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-08-31T22:05:48+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/keystonedoc.com\\\/?page_id=77\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/keystonedoc.com\\\/?page_id=77\",\"name\":\"Predicting Moral Injury with Moral Foundations and Length of Service Among Emergency Paramedics - Keystone Doc History, Genealogy, and Psychology Research Predicting Moral Injury in Emergency Paramedics | James J. Sabo, PhD\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/keystonedoc.com\\\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2026-08-31T19:51:03+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-08-31T22:05:48+00:00\",\"description\":\"Doctoral dissertation examining how moral foundations and length of service predict moral injury in emergency paramedics. Full text available to read or download.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/keystonedoc.com\\\/?page_id=77#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/keystonedoc.com\\\/?page_id=77\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/keystonedoc.com\\\/?page_id=77#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/keystonedoc.com\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Publications\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/keystonedoc.com\\\/?page_id=74\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Predicting Moral Injury with Moral Foundations and Length of Service Among Emergency Paramedics\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/keystonedoc.com\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/keystonedoc.com\\\/\",\"name\":\"Keystone Doc History, Genealogy, and Psychology Research\",\"description\":\"Finding the facts, adding the humanity\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/keystonedoc.com\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Predicting Moral Injury with Moral Foundations and Length of Service Among Emergency Paramedics - Keystone Doc History, Genealogy, and Psychology Research Predicting Moral Injury in Emergency Paramedics | James J. Sabo, PhD","description":"Doctoral dissertation examining how moral foundations and length of service predict moral injury in emergency paramedics. Full text available to read or download.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/keystonedoc.com\/?page_id=77","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Predicting Moral Injury with Moral Foundations and Length of Service Among Emergency Paramedics - Keystone Doc History, Genealogy, and Psychology Research Predicting Moral Injury in Emergency Paramedics | James J. Sabo, PhD","og_description":"Doctoral dissertation examining how moral foundations and length of service predict moral injury in emergency paramedics. Full text available to read or download.","og_url":"https:\/\/keystonedoc.com\/?page_id=77","og_site_name":"Keystone Doc History, Genealogy, and Psychology Research","article_modified_time":"2026-08-31T22:05:48+00:00","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Est. reading time":"3 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/keystonedoc.com\/?page_id=77","url":"https:\/\/keystonedoc.com\/?page_id=77","name":"Predicting Moral Injury with Moral Foundations and Length of Service Among Emergency Paramedics - Keystone Doc History, Genealogy, and Psychology Research Predicting Moral Injury in Emergency Paramedics | James J. Sabo, PhD","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/keystonedoc.com\/#website"},"datePublished":"2026-08-31T19:51:03+00:00","dateModified":"2026-08-31T22:05:48+00:00","description":"Doctoral dissertation examining how moral foundations and length of service predict moral injury in emergency paramedics. Full text available to read or download.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/keystonedoc.com\/?page_id=77#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/keystonedoc.com\/?page_id=77"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/keystonedoc.com\/?page_id=77#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/keystonedoc.com\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Publications","item":"https:\/\/keystonedoc.com\/?page_id=74"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Predicting Moral Injury with Moral Foundations and Length of Service Among Emergency Paramedics"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/keystonedoc.com\/#website","url":"https:\/\/keystonedoc.com\/","name":"Keystone Doc History, Genealogy, and Psychology Research","description":"Finding the facts, adding the humanity","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/keystonedoc.com\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/keystonedoc.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/77","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/keystonedoc.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/keystonedoc.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/keystonedoc.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/keystonedoc.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=77"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/keystonedoc.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/77\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":101,"href":"https:\/\/keystonedoc.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/77\/revisions\/101"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/keystonedoc.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/74"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/keystonedoc.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=77"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}